Even with the development of diagnostic techniques, oral cancer still has a dismal prognosis and is challenging to treat. Our goal in this chapter is to provide an overview of the research on many cutting-edge techniques for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Compared to morphological alterations, changes in the electrical impedance of malignant tissue are more accurate. Infrared spectroscopy serves as a diagnostic technique and a source of early evidence for malignancy and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Oral cancer, benign, and OPMD may all be distinguished using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, tissue-level direct, multiplex chemical analysis is made possible by ambient mass spectrometry (AIMS). Additionally, imaging from desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry is crucial for diagnosis. In addition, by identifying intricate patterns and assisting in the identification of OSCC, artificial intelligence presents fantastic chances for work automation.