This chapter explores the critical role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the travel and tourism industry, focusing on its contribution to workforce optimization and overall organizational success. The industry’s labor-intensive nature necessitates effective HRM practices to address challenges such as high turnover, seasonality, and cultural diversity. Key HRM functions include recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and employee motivation, which are vital for ensuring service quality and customer satisfaction. The chapter highlights factors influencing HRM practices, including technological advancements, legislative frameworks, and organizational strategies, while also addressing internal and external determinants. Case studies, such as Marriott International, illustrate the practical application of HR strategies in talent acquisition, employee development, and retention. Emerging trends, such as technology integration, globalization, and sustainability, underline the evolving nature of HRM in tourism. The research emphasizes the need for strategic HR approaches to enhance employee engagement, operational efficiency, and financial performance, contributing to sustainable growth in the tourism sector.