Industrial relations have greatly changed due to fast technology progress, greater worker diversity, and changing workplace relationships. This chapter offers a thorough study of the meaning, scope, and historical development of industrial relations, while comparing classic methods with current frameworks. Recent advances in Human Resource Management (HRM), including as digital transformation, diversity and inclusion efforts, mixed work designs, and the rise of gig economies, are examined for their impact on workplace relations. It highlights the main issues faced today, including handling worker diversity, addressing mental health and well-being, changing to technological advances, and addressing social concerns at automation. The chapter offers practical insights that combine workplace relations with modern HRM trends by finding best practices, including joint decision-making, openness, and the use of technology for dispute settlement. Case studies, such as TechCorp's use of AI-enhanced complaints management, illustrate the potential development of workplace relations in a technology-oriented and employee-focused environment.