Tissue culture is the method of ‘in vitro’ culture of plant or animal cells, tissue or organ-on nutrient medium under aseptic conditions usually in a glass container. Tissue culture is sometimes referred to as ‘sterile culture’ or ‘in vitro’ culture. By this technique living cells can be maintained outside the body of the organism for a considerable period. In other words, tissue culture is defined as an aseptic culture of tissues, cells, organs and components under particular defined physical, chemical and environmental conditions in vitro in the laboratory. The earliest step towards the plant tissue culture was made by Henri Louis Duhumel du Monceau (1756), Where, during his pioneering studies on would healing of plants, he observed callus formation. The first root tip were cultured in 1922, and by making use of sub culturing, maintained their cultured roots for 20 weeks. The early studies led to root cultures, embryo cultures, and the first true callus/tissue cultures. The period between the 1940s and the 1960s was marked by the development of new techniques and the improvement of those that were already in use. In 1930’s, it was recognized that B-vitamins and auxins (IAA) were the key components in growing root cultures using tissue culture method. This chapter focuses on the history and development of different methods of plant tissue culture in India and abroad.