Medicinal and Aromatic plants (MAPs) are of great interest in biotechnology as they are important sources for plant secondary metabolites. Medicinal plants contain compounds useful in medicine and pharmacy such as alkaloids, antioxidants and anticancer agents. Aromatic plants have been used commercially as spices, natural flavors, raw material for essential-oil industry and other medicinal purpose. It can be profitable to study the methods; by which the productive potential of living cells can be used in industrial production and in various fields such as agriculture, forestry, horticulture and medicine. Haberlandt envisioned the concept of plant tissue culture and provided the basic work for the cultivation of plant cells, tissues and organs culture. Use of Tissue culture methods can address various problems in plant biotechnology, such as micropropagation, biosynthesis and biotransformation of biologically active compounds, storage of plant cells and organs and genetic engineering of higher plants. Over-utilization and continuous depletion of traditional medicinal plants have reduced their availability and there is loss of genetic biodiversity from natural habitats. Many endangered plants having medicinal value can be tissue cultured and reproduced along with desired characteristics, by in vitro propagation. Tissue culturing is a best way to conserve the medicinal plants and also mass produce these valuable plants and plant products of interest. This chapter highlights some of the applications of plant tissue culture for conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants and also the limitations of tissue culture techniques in doing so. The chapter offers a brief insight into the present status of the biotechnology of MAPs. Special emphasis has been placed on importance of secondary metabolites and need for conservation of medicinal plants. A small review about plant tissue culture is followed by various methods for the in-vitro micropropagation. The requirements for tissue culturing and the plant growth hormones with their functions are discussed, in detail.