The gustatory anatomy of the migratory Hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) plays a pivotal role in its sensory perception, feeding behavior, and ecological interactions. This chapter presents a comprehensive microscopic investigation of the gustatory system of the Hilsa, shedding light on its anatomical features and functional significance. The study utilized light microscopy to examine the distribution and morphology of taste buds across different regions of the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, and oropharyngeal cavity. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to explore the ultrastructure of taste buds providing insights into their cellular composition and sensory capabilities. The results reveal a complex network of taste buds distributed strategically to maximize taste sensitivity and facilitate food detection. Additionally, the presence of specialized taste papillae highlights the Hilsa's adaptation to its aquatic environment and dietary preferences. The findings underscore the importance of gustatory anatomy in understanding the feeding ecology and evolutionary adaptations of the Hilsa fish. This research contributes to the broader field of fish biology and sensory physiology, offering valuable insights into the gustatory mechanisms of migratory fish species.