The continuous improvement in gene transfer approaches changed the path of crop modification and resulted in significant advancements in crop improvement, crop protection and agricultural production. Genetic engineering that has revolutionized the crop improvement pathway involves identifying and transferring novel genes to existing elite cultivars. Various methods have been developed for transferring the gene into plant cells, and continuous efforts have been made to increase its efficiency. Both direct and indirect gene transfer approaches contain their own merits and demerits. Continuous efforts were made to eliminate drawbacks and develop an easy, elite and environmentally sound method for gene transfer. In recent year studies, Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer and gene gun transformation method have proven to be doing well. The methodology concerned, the merits and demerits of the various methods were discussed briefly as a whole.