With the increasing demands of populations due to hunger, as well as over exploitation of natural resources due to excessive consumption caused by deforestation, desertification, extinction of species, forced migration, soil erosion, and with the increasing susceptibility of crops due to plant diseases, loss of crop species, germplasm conservation requires great attention and it is the need of the hour and society. Plant germplasm is the genetic sources or material used by the plant breeders to develop new cultivars. They may include seeds, other plant propagules like Leaf, Stem, Pollen and Cultured cells, which can be grown into mature plant. Germplasm provide the raw material (genes) which the breeder used to develop commercial crop varieties. Two approaches for germplasm conservation of plant genetic materials are In-situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation. On-site conservation is called as in-situ conservation, which means conservation of genetic resources in the form of natural populations by establishing biosphere reserves such as national parks and sanctuaries. Practices like horticulture and floriculture also preserve plants in a natural habitat. Ex-situ conservation is the chief method for the preservation of germplasm obtained from cultivated and wild plant materials. The genetic materials in the form of seeds or from in vitro cultures (plant cells, tissues or organs) can be preserved as gene banks for long term storage under suitable conditions. For successful establishment of gene banks, adequate knowledge of genetic structure of plant populations, and the techniques involved in sampling, regeneration, maintenance of gene pools etc. are essential. Cryopreservation (freeze-preservation), Cold storage, Low-pressure and low-oxygen storage are three approaches for in vitro conservation of germplasm.