‘Omics’ technologies, referred to as high-dimensional biology, deals with several approaches so that a complex system that includes detection of genes, mRNA, proteins and metabolites, can be understood more methodically. Cost-efficient technological advancements that are capable of high-throughput analysis of biological molecules have added new paradigms to the field of omics. Hence, authors have laid major emphasis on recent progresses in the study of biomolecules using omics tools. This chapter delves into different molecular scales viz., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The content will also provide holistic view detailing system biology, epigenomics, microbiome, nutrigenomics and metagenomics. Aspects dealing with better understanding of omics technology in disease biology is thoroughly dissertated, as they are applicable for biomarker discovery, identification of signaling molecules associated with cell growth, cell death, cellular metabolism and early detection of cancer. Omics studies on clinical research, microbial fermentation, crop improvement and food science are key highlights in later sections of this chapter and will help budding scientists to effectively use the information for their research endeavors.