Nanotechnology is an emerging stream in agriculture, which has extreme potential to transform the horizons of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. It can again revolutionize the Indian agriculture similar to green revolution. The primary concern of present century is not the food security but the increasing environmental concern and health hazards due to conventional agricultural practices. Nanotechnology deals with the materials in the Nano scale level i.e. 10-9 meters. The formulations or materials devised at this scale are made up of “Nanoparticles”. In food and agricultural systems, nanomaterials play a vital role as smart delivery systems for agrochemicals, nanoformulations, nanobiosensors for precision farming and food packaging, nanofibres for genetic engineering, etc. Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional agricultural practices, as it is highly efficient, target specific and has increased surface area which leads to reduction in quantity of active ingredients and ultimately reduction in biomagnification of harmful elements and compounds in our soil and food webs, reducing the environmental and health risks. Here in this chapter it is discussed that how nanotechnology is efficient than the traditional agriculture and how it can bring the revolution in Indian agriculture.