Plant tissue culture, or aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro, is an important tool in basic research and applications as well as in commercial applications. Plant tissue culture (PTC) is fundamental to all plant biotechnology and is an exciting area of basic and applied science with considerable potential for further research. PTC is also the best method to demonstrate the totipotency of plant cells and exploit it for many practical applications. It provides basic general requirements and nutrient media for plant tissue culture, organogenesis, crop improvement technologies (triploid production, in vitro fertilization, embryo rescue), clonal propagation (micropropagation), virus removal (bud tip culture), artificial seeds, Somaclonal variation. Considerable work is underway to understand in vitro technologies and their applications that are the focus of this chapter.