Extra chromosomal inheritance, an attractive phenomenon within the territory of genetics, extends beyond the conventional Mendelian principles that govern the transmission of genetic information through chromosomes. In the intricate dance of heredity, extra chromosomal elements play a crucial role in shaping the traits and characteristics of organisms. Unlike the predominant focus on nuclear DNA, extra chromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material through entities distinct from the chromosomal structures found within the cell nucleus. These extra chromosomal elements, often referred to as cytoplasmic, extra-nuclear or maternal inheritance factors, reside outside the cellular nucleus in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. This unique mode of genetic transmission introduces a layer of complexity to the traditional understanding of inheritance, influencing diverse aspects of an organism's biology, ranging from energy production to adaptive responses.