In recent scenario, the food supply to the global community is severely impacted due to climate change and depletion of resources which led to the decrease in plantation yields, deterioration of organic matter of soil and low nutritional efficacy. Moreover, post-harvest management of food is the key issue to be addressed to feed the global population. The use of normal polymers have been restricted due to their potent but heavy, durable but extravagant and biocompatibility issues. Therefore, the development of biocompatible polymers is in huge demand to fulfill the requirements of various agricultural sectors such as food industries, dairy industries which delays ripening or deterioration of produces without any harmful applications of synthetic chemicals. Moreover, the microbial pathogens activities are more aggravate during storages or transport of agricultural products. In this connection, lots of efforts have been made to develop biocompatible polymers due to their extra-ordinary properties such as biocompatibility, long-durability, light-weight, antimicrobial activity, superior stability, elasticity and flexibility. Recently, the use of various biocompatible nano-polymers based on the low-density poly-ethylene (LDPE), semi-synthetic (CMC+ Chitosan), Natural (Poly Lactic Acid), poly(ethylene glycol), polylactide and poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) and chitosan is well explored in post-harvest management of food due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hence, the proposed book chapter highlights the recent progress in development of biocompatible nano-polymers and their effective use for post-harvest management of food in agricultural sector.