Advances in Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Volume - 9), edited by Dr. Yogendra Singh, presents a comprehensive collection of chapters that explore key innovations and research in biological sciences and biotechnology. This volume covers a wide array of topics including the potential of mushrooms as food and medicine, genetic diversity studies using molecular markers, and recent advances in biotechnology to conserve biodiversity. Other chapters delve into the use of meiotic crossover frequency in crops for plant breeding, and the nutritional properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), a Mediterranean spice. The book also highlights critical environmental issues such as the surveillance of environmental impact assessment and the role of meiofauna in industrially influenced coastal ecosystems. With contributions from experts across various fields, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professionals seeking insights into modern applications of biotechnology in food, medicine, and environmental conservation.