Water is essential resource for sustaining life on earth. The quantity of pure water available on earth is very less as compared to contaminated water. Currently, water consist all types of impurities. These impurities can be organic, inorganic and biological. There are various materials, metal oxide and materials used to remove the impurities from the waste water. The main difficulty is that single material is not sufficient to remove all types of impurities (organic, inorganic and biological). A high uptake efficiency against heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms and pharmaceuticals pollutants could be monitored by case-specific inorganic nanoparticles which generally work as the direct active phase either dispersed in water or attached on a solid matrix or as a carrier onto which another active phase or molecule is loaded. In this review there is discussion on the positive efforts which are being made to increase the efficiency or adsorption power of CDs, Zeolites and CNTs.