Plant simultaneously exposed to biotic stresses like fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. For foliar bacterial plant pathogens, natural surface openings, such as stomata are important entry sites. When both host and non-host bacterial pathogens contact with leaves induces stomata closure. However, bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the virulence factor Coronatine (COR) to overcome PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and stomata based defense which mimic as Jasmonates (JA), COR is a non-host specific polyketide toxin consisting of two distinct structural components, Coronafacic Acid (CFA) and Coronamic Acid (CMA) Several strains of Pseudomonas syringae produce a phytotoxin COR, which inhibits plant defense responses and contributes to disease symptom development. COR inhibits early defense responses during nonhost disease resistance. Stomatal closure induced by a non-host pathogen, P. syringae pv. tabaci was disrupted by external application of COR in tomato. COR suppresses salicylic acid-mediated defense during non-host resistance.
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