Effective safety measures have been implemented to protect water sources from both point and nonpoint sources of contamination. To the extent feasible, green chemical solutions should be chosen. Using the least destructive means to restrict contaminants is an effective strategy to address the water contamination issue. There are a number of promising approaches to these attainable goals that are based on chromatography and separation chemistry principles. The contamination of ground water, which impacts almost 100 million people globally, has been adequately addressed by remediation efforts. Water contamination prevention and treatment strategies including radical reactions and cutting-edge Nano-based technologies are featured in a variety of unique approaches. Current strategies for controlling water pollution using green chemistry are the primary emphasis of this paper.