The fastest-growing area of the food industry is aquaculture, which mostly relies on carps and shrimp for volume and value, respectively. New alternative technologies are needed as aquaculture continues to expand in order to ensure sustainable production at a cheap cost. The greatest techniques for getting a healthy shrimp production are microbial based systems like biofloc technology (zero water exchange systems) and substrate integration (periphyton based). Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) can convert nitrogenous wastes into beneficial microbial biomass that can serve as a natural food supply for the cultured organisms and these systems are environmentally friendly aquaculture approaches. On the other hand, periphyton and biofloc aid in enhancing water quality by the removal of toxic nitrogenous substances from these systems and enhance production through increasing growth rate of the animal. Further, this technology is economically viable, eco-friendly and socially acceptable.