Vegetable crops are important for ensuring food and nutritional security. India ranks second in vegetable production but productivity lags in most vegetable crops. Poor seed germination and inappropriate crop stand are the main constraints in the production of vegetable crops. In order to improve vegetable seed quality, nowadays more importance is given to seed enhancement techniques. It includes physical seed treatment, seed priming seed coating technologies, and fortification to overcome germination constraints by uniform crop establishment, early crop development, better yield and also confers to better resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Improved seed germination and seedling vigour could be attributed to increased antioxidant enzymes, reduced solute leakage, improved membrane integrity, increased amylase activities and stimulation of polyphenol pathways. Some of the mechanisms that confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants are nutrient management, ion uptake, hormonal regulation, activation of the antioxidant defense system, reduced lipid peroxidation and accumulation of compatible solutes. A wide range of seed treatment methods are used in vegetables during storage and before sowing, but choosing a sustainable and eco-friendly method with better results for seed quality enhancement is a critical decision for every seed producer.