Petunia, a member of the Solanaceae family, holds significant importance in horticulture due to its vibrant flowers and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic and physiological factors influencing the growth, development and overall performance of Petunia. Genetic studies have uncovered a complex network of genes that regulate traits such as flower color, shape, fragrance, and disease resistance in Petunia. Recent advancements in molecular techniques, including genome sequencing and gene editing tools, have enabled targeted manipulation of these genes to achieve desired phenotypic outcomes. Additionally, research on the genetic basis of stress tolerance mechanisms has provided insights into enhancing Petunia hybrida's resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Furthermore, understanding the physiological processes governing Petunia hybrida's growth and development is crucial for optimizing horticultural practices.