Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly called Sea buckthorn is a deciduous, thorny shrub and temperate plant native to Asia and Europe. This plant species is widely distributed in cold desert and other regions of Indian Himalayas. It contains numerous nutrients and bioactive substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, free amino acids etc. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the medicinal values of sea buckthorn, focusing on its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.