Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to the world in present times. It is defined as significant changes in the average values of meteorological elements, such as precipitation and temperature, for which averages have been computed over a long period. The concentration of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased by 150%, 40%, and 20%, respectively since 1750. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere had increased to 411.43 ppm in 2019 from 315.98 ppm in 1959. Depending on the crop, the region, and the degree of change in the parameters, different crops will respond differently to rising temperatures, changing precipitation, and CO2 fertilization. It has been discovered that rising temperatures decrease yield, however rising precipitation is likely to cancel off or lessen the effects of rising temperatures Poor use of inputs (water and fertilizers) and natural resources (land and radiation) contributes to the inherent low production by lowering resource-use efficiency. Increasing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is the main driver of harmful anthropogenic climate changes, it can also improve crop performance by increasing rates of photosynthesis and water-use efficiency, particularly in C3 plants. This is referred to as the “CO2 fertilization effect”. Improved soil moisture levels and water storage allow for enhanced crop production during dry spells between rainfall or irrigation. To maintain a healthy agricultural output and counteract the negative impacts of climate change, it is necessary to choose crop types that are more tolerant to stress caused by drought, flood, heat, and salinity. For adaptation and mitigation of climate change on resource use efficiency, a systematic approach to find novel technologies, vernacular coping mechanisms, and greater acceptance of the current technologies are necessary. The encouragement of policies is intended to play a crucial role in the adoption of climate-ready technology in rain-fed agricultural areas.