Soil carbon sequestration is a crucial natural process that enhances soil health and mitigates climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil. This abstract outlines the mechanisms of soil carbon storage, including photosynthesis, microbial decomposition, and soil aggregation, which contribute to the formation of stable soil organic carbon. The interplay between soil carbon levels and overall soil health is emphasized, showcasing benefits such as improved fertility, increased water retention, and enhanced biodiversity. Sustainable agricultural practices, including cover cropping, reduced tillage, and the application of organic amendments, are explored as effective strategies to boost soil carbon sequestration. Despite its potential, the widespread adoption of these practices faces challenges, such as economic constraints, insufficient knowledge transfer, and a lack of supportive policies. The chapter concludes with recommendations for advancing research, developing supportive policies, and enhancing education and community engagement to promote the adoption of soil carbon sequestration practices. By fostering a holistic understanding of soil’s role in carbon dynamics, we can develop resilient agricultural systems that contribute to climate change mitigation while improving soil health and productivity.