Climate change refers to changes in the earth’s environmental conditions like temperature, rainfall patterns, storms, heat waves, etc. It is caused by many natural and artificial factors, such as volcanic activity, variations in solar activity, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, mining, etc. Agriculture is one of the largest and most important sectors in the Indian economy. Agriculture is crucial for ensuring food, nutrition and livelihood securities for India. The climate change is the most important major challenge to Indian agriculture currently. Climate change shows a major impact on Indian agriculture. Due to climate change the field crops and horticultural crops are greatly affected. It shows its negative impact on soil water, pest and diseases, livestock and fisheries which are the major components of agriculture. It also shows positive impact in few crops. The negative impacts can be mitigated by following some adaptive measures like breeding new cultivars, following soil management practices, weather forecasting etc.