The recent rapid climate changes and increasing global population have led to an increased incidence of biotic and abiotic stress which leads to decreased crop productivity. Environmental stresses, such as temperature, drought, nutrient deficiency, salinity and heavy metal stresses, are major challenges for agriculture, and they lead to a significant reduction in crop growth and productivity. The attack of insect pest and disease also reduce the overall productivity of any crops, drastically. Abiotic stress is a very complex phenomenon, involving a variety of physiological and biochemical changes in plant cells. Plants exposed to abiotic stress exhibit enhanced levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species), which are highly reactive and toxic and affect the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In the past generally breeding techniques are used to develop resistance in oilseed crops to avoid diseases though various pathogens are soon able to overcome that resistance by modifying their metabolic cycles. To bear the challenge there is an urgent need to develop abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerant plants using advanced techniques by understanding metabolic and biochemical pathways of plants and pathogens. Several techniques such selection of stress tolerance microbes, metabolite, enzymes, and genes are very important to avoid stresses. Whereas several techniques such as development of molecular markers for breeding, identification of Quantitative trait loci (QTL), in vitro tissue culture etc. can be more useful to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in oilseed crops. To develop healthy and high yield varieties with good plant architecture, the mix of these techniques is needs to be implemented.