The chapter presents a comprehensive overview of pseudocereals, focusing on grain amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat. Defined as non-grass plants providing flour for staple foods, pseudocereals boast protein, lipids, essential micronutrients, and diverse health benefits. The chapter explores their role in nutri-cereal industries, biodiversity conservation, and resilience to abiotic stresses. With the decline of millet cultivation in India, pseudocereals emerge as vital alternatives. Emphasizing the International Year of Millets in 2023, the chapter stresses the urgency to combat micronutrient deficiencies through pseudocereal research. Breeding for enhancement, genetic resources and germplasm evaluation are crucial components, addressing traits such as abiotic stress tolerance and suitability for marginal lands. The significance of collaborative efforts with international organizations underscores the need for accelerated domestication strides in pseudocereals. The chapter concludes by elucidating strategies for yield enhancement, quality improvement, and reduction of antinutritional factors, positioning pseudocereals as the super foods of the 21st century.