Food spoilage is a complex phenomenon that leads to the deterioration of various food products, resulting in changes in their sensory attributes, nutritional quality and safety. Food spoilage can occur through various mechanisms, resulting in different types of spoilage. Common types include physical spoilage (caused by physical factors), chemical spoilage (due to chemical reactions) and microbial spoilage (caused by microorganisms). Microbial spoilage is one of the primary causes of food deterioration, affecting a wide range of food items, including fruits, vegetables cereal-based products and canned foods. This chapter provides an overview of different types of food spoilage focusing on microbial food spoilage and factors affecting spoilage.