Food packaging plays a crucial role in preserving food material, increasing shelf life, and maintaining quality. Now a days, biopolymers are gaining popularity as an alternative to conventional plastics because of their biodegradable nature and safe characteristics; however, they exhibit poor mechanical, barrier, and other functional properties. Bio-nanocomposites comprise a bio-originated polymer matrix combined with nanoscale (10-100 nm) organic or inorganic fillers, forming composite materials. Upon incorporation into the polymer matrix, nanoparticles serve as reinforcements, leading to a film characterized by enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. The inclusion of nano-fillers further improves the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of the film. The overall functionality of bio-nanocomposites is determined by factors such as the filler's properties (aspect ratio, size, surface area, and volume), the compatibility between the polymer matrix and the filler, and the uniform distribution of the filler within the polymer matrix. A significant issue associated with bio-nanocomposites revolves around the potential diffusion of nanomaterials into the food that comes into contact with the material. The incorporation of nanotechnology in the field of food packaging has generated debates due to the perceived risks it poses to human health, animals, and the environment. This is due to a limited comprehension of safety issues and an absence of toxicological information. However, bio-nanocomposite packaging materials show promising potential for various applications in the food and biomedical sectors, as well as for innovative active and intelligent food packaging.