The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the food supply chain offers transformative potential across various stages, including food safety, transportation, production and quality management. IoT applications enhance operational efficiency, safety, transparency and stability, addressing critical challenges such as temperature control, hygiene, pest management, and traceability. The use of IoT in conjunction with technologies like RFID, sensors, and block chain facilitates real-time monitoring and data analytics, improving decision-making and sustainability in food supply chains. Real-world implementations in companies like Tata Smart Foodz, Mahindra Agribusiness, and Ninjacart illustrate IoT's efficacy in optimizing food processing, storage, and distribution. Despite its benefits, IoT adoption faces challenges such as high implementation costs, data management complexity, and infrastructure limitations. Future trends indicate increased adoption of advanced analytics, AI, block chain integration, smart packaging, automation, and sustainable practices, promising further enhancements in traceability, efficiency, and consumer engagement.