Recent pandemics like Novel Coronavirus and Mpox have been sufficiently alarming in regards to emergence of zoonotic diseases. This necessitates a fair knowledge of the determinants and mode of disease transmission to approach, devise, and adopt methods meeting health concerns across the globe. In this chapter, the ecological aspect of disease pattern involving wildlife is being discussed. An effort has been made to simplify the host-pathogen interaction using epidemiology focused on attaining the objectives of disease control.