Indicator 2.4.1 (Agricultural Sustainability) measures progress in achieving more productive and sustainable agriculture to provide governments with strategic information for evidence based policies. National policy focuses from food security to nutrition security and yield to total farm productivity. It would help recognise the critical role that sustainable agriculture could play to ensure India’s nutrition security in a climate-constrained world. States like Sikkim and Andhra Pradesh are leading the way on sustainable agriculture in India, the adoption remains on the margins at an all-India level. Likewise, the impact evidence about its outcomes on the economic, social and environmental front is limited. We should leverage existing evidence to scale-up context-specific Sustainable Agriculture Practices and Systems (SAPSs). The scale-up could start with rain-fed areas, as they are already practising low-resource agriculture, have low productivities, and farmers in irrigated areas will follow suit. New approach of extension needs to be implemented to break the ice between farmers and extension officials so as to gradually help farmers to transit from conventional agriculture to a sustainable agriculture without challenging their own experience.