Soil criteria are influenced not only by its chemical, physical, and biological features, but also by the microorganisms (microflora and fauna) that inhabit it. Mineral stuff (45%), soil organic matter (5%), water (25%) and air (25%) make up the majority of soil constituents (25 percent). Living organisms (trees, animals) and non-living organisms (rock, water, sand), plant residues, and decomposed organic elements make up soil organic matter. Soils include a large number of different living and non-living species that form complex diversified communities. Soil microflora is an essential component of soil organic matter. All food chains in a single ecosystem and soil food web that support the organism begin with soil bacteria and soil fungi. Bacteria are the most prevalent microorganisms in soil, whereas the fungal population includes a diverse variety of species. The physical, chemical, and biological qualities of the soil have a huge impact on the number and mass of soil organisms. Any change in the number of microorganisms affects the activity of those organisms in the soil. We will discuss soil properties such as soil responses, soil temperature. This chapter covers soil composition, moisture status, and moisture content. Organic matter status, for example, has an impact on the activity, growth and development of soil microflora.