In India, subaltern historiography is a revolutionary and empowering method of studying the past. It challenges prevailing historical narratives that silence the voices and experiences of underprivileged communities, including Dalits, indigenous peoples, women, and peasants. Subaltern historiography provides a more inclusive and thorough knowledge of India's past by emphasizing these underrepresented viewpoints. This essay analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this method, highlighting its benefits for exposing subaltern agencies, reinterpreting power relationships, and utilizing non-conventional sources. But issues with essentialism, the exclusion of powerful actors, methodological difficulties, the essentialization of postcolonial identity, the narrow focus on economic issues, gender, international contexts, and representation call for careful thought. Subaltern historiography can continue to be a key player in altering historical research and advancing historical justice by responding to these criticisms.