Parkinson's disease (PD) represents the most prevalent and insidious motor-neurodegenerative disorder, marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In the ancient Indian medical tradition of Ayurveda, this condition was recognized as Kampavata, where 'Kampa' denotes 'shaking' or 'tremors,' and 'Vata' signifies disease. PD transcends racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic boundaries, with a prevalence rate ranging from 0.3% to 0.8%. In the United States alone, over 1 million individuals aged 60 and above are afflicted by PD. The disorder is linked to various risk factors, including aging, genetic predisposition, and exposure to environmental neurotoxins. Research indicates that experimental models can replicate most PD symptoms, revealing imbalances in striatal neurochemistry, as well as changes in neuroinflammatory markers, oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to the challenges associated with the clinical diagnosis of PD, there is an urgent need to identify reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Promising biomarker candidates that have undergone extensive testing include α-synuclein, DJ-1, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxy guanosine, glutathione S-Transferase Pi protein for oxidative damage, and homocysteine alongside C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers. However, none of these candidates currently exhibit sufficient specificity and selectivity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) present a potentially advantageous alternative, offering the possibility of precise and non-invasive diagnostic capabilities. Further fundamental research is essential to gather critical data that will elucidate the underlying causes of PD.