The subsurface construction requires greater skill and precautions for the effective execution. Each operation includes specific procedures as per Indian standards. There will be both field and laboratory investigations. Proper sampling procedures has to be adopted before carrying out the laboratory investigations. Understanding the geological features below the surface are very important for the sampling. As per the classification given in the standard Indian charts the observation has to be done and it will recorded as log report. This paper makes an attempt to explore the Field and laboratory investing carried out in the soil before the massive constructions below the surface of the ground.