Oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancers, pose significant global health challenges. Conventional treatment approaches often lack precision and are limited by poor bioavailability, systemic side effects, and non-specific distribution. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have revolutionized drug delivery strategies, enabling targeted, controlled, and efficient therapeutic interventions. This chapter explores the diverse nanocarrier systems-such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, and hydrogels-designed for localized and systemic drug delivery in oral healthcare. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of action, biocompatibility, and efficacy of these nanocarriers in addressing both microbial infections and inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity. Furthermore, the chapter reviews the current state of clinical applications, challenges, and future directions in nanotechnology-based oral drug delivery systems. The integration of nanotechnology into dental therapeutics offers promising avenues for precision medicine, enhanced patient compliance, and improved clinical outcomes.