With the passage of time, our society is undergoing tremendous changes in all walks of life. This change is more evident in education, as it is an intellectual activity that modernizes man intangible ways. Improvement in the quality of education has become the paramount need of the hour and more amount of attention is to be paid to the processes of teaching and learning. Learning disposition and trends in learning are the two basic criterions which determine the improvement of quality in education. The psychological factors of an individual like intelligence, motivation, interest and adjustments, etc. that varies from individual to individual have an immense bearing on the quality and quantity of education acquired by a learner. Learning is a fundamental process that involves acquisition of new experiences, retention of new experiences, development of such new experiences by steps, modification of experience and organisation, synthesis, integration of old and new experiences. Efficiency in learning is measured through factors such as accuracy, speed, retention etc., by assigning weightage to these factors. Learning is comprehensive and represents a permanent effect on the individual. The child learns through direct experience and a corresponding behaviour modification results in the child. It is only learning that is education brings about constructive and desirable behaviour changes in the recipients. Therefore, teachers need to provide suitable situations and facilities for children to learn. This chapter deals with nature of learning, types of learning, psychological factors of learning, learning variations in exceptional children, self-learning, self-education and Socially useful Productive works which will explore right learning steps. Psychological refinements in teaching and learning such as self-learning methods, activity methods, diagnostic or remedial methods, etc would influence the education in a positive way and helps in the attainment of desirable behavioural changes.