Plants encounter a wide range of stresses throughout their growth and development. There are many recent technological advancements to deal with such adverse conditions. Among them, seed priming known to be one of the best, affordable solution. Seed priming is the process of treatment of seeds either with natural or artificial compounds prior to germination to establish a physiological state that speeds up the plant's response to stress. It involves different approaches like physical, physiological and biological methods of seed priming. This chapter briefly discusses about different methods of physiological priming which includes hydro, halo, osmo, nutrient, PGR, NP’s, Plant-Derived Smoke and Karrikin 1, phytoprotectants and others compounds like chitosan and biochar along with their overall mechanism on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Priming induces enhanced germination, vigour of crop, uniform emergence of seedlings, protection from biotic and abiotic stress which results in improved crop yields. Moreover, stress in plants causes ROS production that causes protein carbonylation, membrane degradation leading to programmed cell death and on the other hand seed priming aids in repair mechanism which help seeds to cope up with this damage. Therefore, seed priming is an effective, practical solution that protect plants against wide range of stresses during seedling establishment.