Nanotechnology has revolutionized fields like medicine and materials science. It enhances drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanoparticles improve treatments and diagnostics, enabling targeted drug delivery and advanced imaging. Innovations in biocompatible nanomaterials address safety and facilitate clinical translation. Personalized medicine benefits from nanotechnology through gene profiling and SNP analysis. Despite advancements, ethical, regulatory, and toxicity challenges persist. Future research aims to enhance safety, efficacy, and scalability. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration will drive nanotechnological innovations, transforming healthcare and improving quality of life.