This Chapter delves into the escalating interest surrounding natural polymers in contemporary pharmaceutical realms, propelled by their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adaptability in drug formulation. It scrutinizes the multifaceted role of natural polymers in pharmaceutical contexts, with a keen focus on their origins, inherent attributes, and deployment in drug delivery systems. Encompassing a spectrum ranging from polysaccharides derived from plants to proteins and peptides sourced from animals, natural polymers proffer a broad array of avenues for crafting diverse drug delivery systems. Detailed within are insights into the methodologies of extraction, techniques for characterization, and formulation approaches instrumental in harnessing the latent potential of natural polymers for drug delivery purposes. Moreover, the Chapter contemplates the hurdles encountered and the vistas ahead in leveraging natural polymers within pharmaceutical formulations.