Drug delivery systems (DDS) are essential for the efficient and secure administration of medicinal drugs. The development of environmentally friendly DDS is a recent trend aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of conventional systems, which frequently include synthetic materials that are not biodegradable. Eco-friendly DDS use biodegradable and renewable components from plants and marine organisms to maximize therapeutic effect with the least amount of environmental harm. Biodegradable and naturally occurring polymers including cellulose, chitin, chitosan, and collagen are important components. DDS is further optimized by technologies such as nanotechnology, which enhance its bioavailability, facilitate targeted distribution, and lessen its negative effects. The utilization of marine and plant-based systems in the development of sustainable DDS is highlighted via case studies. Eco-friendly DDS have advantages, but there are problems with material extraction, purification, and standardization. Personalized medicine, improved nanotechnology, and multidisciplinary research are some of the future directions. All things considered, environmentally friendly DDS offer an alternative for traditional techniques, supporting sustainable advancement in medicine.