Approximately it is estimated that 18% of the total crop production is destroyed annually by the insects. To combat these pests annually huge amounts of pesticides are used. However, success is achieved in pest control despite there was significant negative impacts on the environment. The adverse effect on the environment necessitated to look for the alternative strategies. Microbial control of insect pests is effective in controlling insect pests without causing any serious harm to the environment. Microbial pesticides consists disease causing entomopathogens such as virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes in insect pest populations. It was significantly considered that, microbial pesticides are eco‐friendly, target‐specific, easily biodegradable and safer alternatives. When there are epizootic outbreaks, entomopathogens are capable of causing rapid declines in large populations of their arthropod hosts. Many of these naturally occurring pathogens have been formulated and commercialized as insecticides. The important entomopathogens like bacteria, fungi, virus, nematodes and protozoans, modes of infection and their pathological symptoms also role of microbial in the present scenario of the agriculture is briefly discussed in this paper.