Paratransgenesis is a new strategy that attempts to eliminate a pathogen from vector populations through transgenesis of a symbiont of the insect vector. It is first conceived by Frank Richards (1996) and the goal of this technique is to control vector-borne diseases. The appearance of insecticide resistance requires the development of new techniques to reduce pathogen transmission in the field. There are several requirements i.e. the symbiotic bacteria can be grown in vitro easily so they can be genetically modified such as through transformation with a plasmid containing the desired gene. The first example of this technique used Rhodnius prolixus which is associated with the symbiont Rhodococcus rhodnii is important insect vector of chagas disease. The strategy used to engineer R. rhodnii to express proteins such as cecropin A that are toxic to T. cruzi. Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by protozoa Leishmania donovani in India, L. infantum in Europe and L. chagasi in South America. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected sand fly, Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia spp. The ability of a microorganism is to be transmitted sexually would improve the efficacy of the paratransgenic system. Most of the studies conducted for management of human disease so further research need to be carried out for field use of paratransgenic control for enhancing agricultural production.