Among all the crops, the total loss due to the pests varied for each crop likely for wheat 50%, cotton 80%, maize 31%, rice 37%, potatoes 40% and soybean 26%. Environmental stewardship and food security are the most important factors that involved in agriculture. In many cases by the misuse of insecticide led to population resurgence, pesticide residues, and pest resistance. The microorganisms like virus, fungus, protozoan or bacterium are the active ingredient in this type of pesticides. Safety of food alludes to the conditions and practices that save the quality of food to anticipate tainting and food borne sicknesses. Natural enemies and botanicals play a vital role to control pests with different mechanisms. Natural enemies are responsible for the regulation of 98% pest. From these 98%, only 5% pests have been controlled by the use of entomopathogenic fungus. On other hand, botanical pesticides have also been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. Microbial, for example, microscopic organisms, growths and infections are also the major biopesticides being concentrated generally to create contrasting options to chemicals. Reduction of insecticide use and exploitation of biocontrol agent can help in the population regulation of different pest. So, this chapter is concentrated on biological control of insect pests.