Nanotechnology has grown rapidly in the last decade, having a significant impact on all aspects of our civilization, from electronics to medical to agriculture. With the identification of relevant techniques and sensors for precision agriculture, natural resource management, and efficient delivery systems for agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, the potential is growing. Farmers all over the world are faced with the enormous burden of feeding the growing global population and fast urbanisation. The world's fertile land is fast depleting and food production will soon be insufficient to keep up with the world's growing population. Natural resources are also depleting and with limited land and water supplies, agriculture can only increase by boosting productivity through the effective use of modern technology. Nanofertilizers are key instruments in agriculture for increasing nutrient usage efficiency, reducing fertilizer waste, and lowering cultivation costs by improving crop growth, yield, and quality metrics. Nanostructured formulations could release their active ingredients more precisely in response to environmental cues and biological demands using processes such as targeted delivery, slow/controlled release and conditional release. Nanotechnology will have a significant impact on the future of agriculture, both in terms of current applications and future developments.