The decline in soil fertility due to imbalanced fertilizer use has been recognized as one of the most important factor limiting crop yields. Decline in yield has been observed in many cropping systems in many parts of the country due to nutrient depletion, soil structure deterioration and imbalanced use of plant nutrients, acidification, and sub-optimal addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers to soil. The capacity of soil for sustaining production depends on its fertility status. Organic matter helps in increasing adsorptive power of soil for nutrient ions. These adsorbed nutrient ions are released slowly for the benefit of crop during entire growth period. It helps to improve the soil physical and chemical properties. Organic manures can play an important role in sustaining the productivity by not only acting as a source of nutrients but also through modifying soil physical behavior as well as increasing the efficiency of applied nutrients. Organic fertilizer improves physical and biological activities of soil but they have comparatively low in nutrient content, so larger quantity is required for plant growth. However, inorganic fertilizer is usually immediately and fast containing all necessary nutrients that are directly accessible for plants. But continuous use of inorganic fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter degradation, soil acidity, and environmental pollution. So the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure has an alternative system for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility.