Climate change can significantly impact the reproduction of small ruminants like goats. Increased temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events can disrupt breeding cycles, reduce fertility, and impact offspring survival. Strategies to mitigate these effects may include selective breeding for heat tolerance, improved feeding and housing management, and the adoption of precision farming techniques. Adapting to climate change is crucial for maintaining sustainable goat production and ensuring food security in regions heavily reliant on small ruminant livestock. This chapter highlights the need for further research and the development of comprehensive adaptation strategies to safeguard the reproductive performance of goats and other small ruminants in the face of climate change. Integrating traditional knowledge with scientific advancements can help identify region-specific solutions that enhance the resilience of goat production systems. Collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and farmers will be crucial in implementing effective measures to secure the livelihoods of communities dependent on small ruminant livestock in a changing climate.