This book chapter examines the intricate interplay between ethnopharmacology and pharmacognosy within the context of traditional medicine, focusing on the profound heritage of healing practices embedded in diverse cultural traditions. By synthesizing existing literature, ethnobotanical surveys, and advancements in pharmacognostic research, the chapter elucidates the synergistic relationship between empirical knowledge of ethnopharmacology and the systematic study of medicinal plants in Pharmacognosy. The exploration encompasses a global perspective, showcasing the diversity of traditional healing systems and their unique contributions to healthcare. Additionally, the chapter investigates the convergence of traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific methodologies, emphasizing the potential for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents through collaborative efforts. The multidisciplinary approach integrates insights from ethnopharmacology, pharmacognosy, and allied fields, providing a holistic understanding of traditional medicinal practices. Furthermore, it discusses the implications for conservation of cultural heritage, acknowledging the role of traditional medicine in shaping healthcare landscapes. In conclusion, this chapter advocates for the integration of traditional healing practices into evidence-based healthcare frameworks, fostering a harmonious synthesis of heritage and modernity for the advancement of global health.