Jhum cultivation is considered highly ruinous to environment as it involves burning and clearing of vegetation of vast areas of forest so that cultivation can be done for a few years. It does not only degrade forest and its biodiversity but has a chain of effects and after-effects will lead to manifold adverse conditions of soil and climate. The jhum land farming communities like to continue this method as it is simple and the cheapest method and also their ancestors practiced it with a sense of socio-religious importance and a sole source of their livelihood. Jhumias are tribals practicing jhum cultivation. While keeping in context the basic and socio ethnic concept of jhum cultivation, it is in need for proper management of jhum land by adoption proper measures for prevention to combat jhum land degradation. Jhum land rehabilitation will not only account a major contribution in the farmland prosperity among the jhumias, but also will retaliate the forest degradation, soil degradation, environmental pollution, poverty expansion among the jhum cultivators. The chapter concentrates on the basic concepts of jhum cultivation, its economic effects, ill impacts mainly on biodiversity, rehabilitation practices, namely, settled agriculture practices such as, conservation agriculture, agroforestry, rubber plantation, etc. and the basic measures for prevention for jhum land degradation.