It is clear that agriculture is the back bone of the country’s economy. It provides the source of income to more than half of the population of India and the share of this sector in overall employment is 45.5% in 2021-21. Since most of this people who are involved in farming sector resides in poorly developed areas where the facilities of improved and modern farming techniques are far from reach, ITKs has a crucial role in both agriculture and livestock rearing. Moreover, the very fact that it depends on the use of natural products and remedies to counteract pest and disease problems, it has also plays an important role in organic farming as well. On the other hand with the explotion of population it arises the necessity to increase food production with the limited amount of land resource. This has lead to over exploitation of natural resources and degradation of land due to excessive use of chemicals is also prominent. It is the need of the hour to look for a better alternative of hazardious chemicals to make agriculture sustainable and preserve our biodiversity. ITK has emerged as an alternative approach as it works together with organic farming. It is eco-friendly, less capital investment, cost effective method. And in addition the alarming problem of insecticide resistance and degradation of natural enemies can be reduced to a great extent. ITK has very wide scope in augmenting the present crisis of environment. India being an agricultural land, farming has been practised since time immemorial. During these ancient period our ancestors have no scientific knowledge but agriculture is carried out in their own traditional way. This traditional knowledge has been passed on to their subsequent generation. The majority of the indigenous communities in India have their own distinct traditional knowledge and technological background. Despite the latest technologies the farming community in many remote areas still has a deep belief in their traditional knowledge. ITK is the sum total knowledge and practices which are based on people’s accumulated experiences in dealing with situations and problems in various aspects of life and such knowledge and practices are special to a particular culture. It is the need of the hour to explore, document and preserve the Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of different communities, many of which are at the blink of extinction. An appropriate association between the traditional and modern knowledge and technology systems has immense potential to benefit the society. These ITKs are able to make agricultural sustainable without compromising our ecosystem as well as to achieve food and nutritional security.